CBL - Campus del Baix Llobregat

Projecte llegit

Títol: Humedales construidos para el tratamiento de drenaje ácido de roca en zonas altoandinas

Estudiant que ha llegit aquest projecte:

Tutor/Cotutor: PASTOR ZEGARRA, ROSARIO MARGARITA

Departament: DEAB

Títol: Humedales construidos para el tratamiento de drenaje ácido de roca en zonas altoandinas

Data inici oferta: 02-02-2023      Data finalització oferta: 02-03-2023

Estudis d'assignació del projecte:
    GR ENG CIEN AGRONOM

Lloc de realització:
EEABB

Segon tutor extern: Vladimir León Menacho (UNASAM)

Paraules clau:
Drenajes Ácidos de Roca (DAR), humedal construido, fertilidad del suelo, CBL, Aprendizaje Basado en Retos

Descripció del contingut i pla d'activitats:
El retroceso glaciar deja expuesto a las rocas mineralizadas

(sulfuros metálicos) que en contacto con O2 y H2O originan los

Drenajes Ácidos de Roca (DAR) asociados con las actividades

mineras, los cuales acidifican el agua y presentan altas

concentraciones de sulfatos y metales pesados; afectando la

calidad y oportunidad del uso del agua para las poblaciones y

ecosistemas del entorno.

El proyecto se realizará en la zona altoandina de transición de

la comunidad Cordillera Blanca de Canrey Chico- Huaráz- Perú y

tiene por finalidad : 1) Analizar la eficiencia de tratamiento

del DAR mediante un humedal construido, 2) Sistematizar

prácticas agrícolas hipocarbónicas, (3) Recopilar y socializar

prácticas que mejoren la fertilidad del suelo y (4) promover la

participación activa de la comunidad mediante la metodología CBL

(Aprendizaje Basado en Retos)

Overview (resum en anglès): The Cordillera Blanca of Peru is experiencing glacial retreat, exposing mineralized rocks (metal sulphides) which, in contact with O2 and H2O, lead to Acid Rock Drainage (ARD), which acidifies the water and present high concentrations of sulphates and heavy metals coming mainly from Pyrite (FeS2). Pyrites are found mainly in sedimentary rocks such as sandstones and shales, which predominate in the Jurassic Chicama (Js- Ch), which is a lithological group that outcrops at the headwaters of the Negro River.
The purpose of the project is to analyze the use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of ARD in Andean areas. To achieve this, three objectives have been proposed: (1) study the impact on the fertility of soils affected by ARD in the areas supplied by Chonta irrigation canal in the town of Canrey Chico, Recuay, Peru, (2) evaluate the use of the constructed wetland for the treatment of ARD from the Negro river and (3) raise awareness of the impact of ARD among UNASAM students and the Cordillera Blanca Peasant Community through Challenge Based Learning (CBL). This work is framed in the project ¿Soluciones Basadas en la Naturaleza para el tratamiento de Drenaje Ácidos de Roca (DAR) en zonas altoandinas¿ financed by the Center for the Cooperation and Development (CCD) of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya coordinated by Dra. Rosario Pastor from the Barcelona School of Agri-Food and Biosystems Engineering (EEABB) at UPC-BarcelonaTech.
To study the impact on soil fertility, pH measurements were taken in agricultural soils affected by ARD, and concentrations of heavy metals in the plant tissue of feed grass, Festuca dolichophylla, and cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata were analyzed. The results revealed that Brassica oleracea var. capitata presents concentrations of copper (4,16 mg/kg) y lead (0,51 mg/kg) that exceed the permissible limits for human consumption. On the other hand, it was observed that Festuca dolichophylla is a plant that bioaccumulates manganese (977,67 mg/kg). Furthermore, it was evidenced that croplands managed with appropriate agricultural practices maintain a pH in soil between 5,5 and 6,5.
The results of the pilot scale constructed wetland assessment, for a flow rate of 0,56 L/s and a retention time of 0,75 d, demonstrate a 66% efficiency for iron removal and a pH increase from 3 to 6.
It would be advisable to investigate the capacity of the grass, Festuca dolichophylla, as a manganese bioaccumulator agent to be used in soil regeneration, and on the other hand, investigate what the extent regenerative agriculture can reduce the impact of ARD.

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