CBL - Campus del Baix Llobregat

Projecte llegit

Títol: Efecto de la variación de la velocidad angular de la barra en galaxias barradas: un caso no autónomo

Estudiants que han llegit aquest projecte:

Director/a: SÁNCHEZ MARTÍN, PATRICIA

Departament: MAT

Títol: Efecto de la variación de la velocidad angular de la barra en galaxias barradas: un caso no autónomo

Data inici oferta: 29-01-2025     Data finalització oferta: 29-09-2025


Estudis d'assignació del projecte:
    DG ENG AERO/SIS TEL
    DG ENG AERO/TELEMÀT
Tipus: Individual
 
Lloc de realització: EETAC
 
Paraules clau:
Dynamical Systems, Differential Equations, Galaxies
 
Descripció del contingut i pla d'activitats:
Barred galaxies are among the most prevalent galactic structures in the Universe, consisting of a central stellar bar surrounded by a stellar disc. These galaxies also feature visible arms that emanate from the bar. The motion of particles within such systems can be studied using dynamical systems (systems of differential equations), where the galactic arms correspond to sets of orbits (solutions) around specific critical points. This setup bears similarities to the Restricted Three-Body Problem (RTBP). However, when the bar's pattern speed varies over time, the system becomes non-autonomous, and its effects remain largely unexplored. This project seeks to investigate these effects using test-particle simulations and Lagrangian descriptors to identify regions of compression and dispersion within the system.
 
Overview (resum en anglès):
The main objective of this work is to analyze the effect of the angular velocity of the galactic bar on the formation of spiral arms in barred spiral galaxies. In addition, the impact of other structural parameters, such as the size and mass of the bar, on the dynamical behavior of the system is studied, both in autonomous and non-autonomous models.

To address this problem, the gravitational potential of the galaxy is modeled by considering the components of the disk and the bar, and the trajectories of particles are studied in a rotating reference frame. MATLAB is used to carry out numerical simulations, integrating the equations of motion of particles initially located around the equilibrium points L1 and L2. In parallel, Lagrangian descriptors are used as an additional tool to identify coherent structures in the flow and to obtain a more detailed representation of the dynamically active regions of the system. Different scenarios are analyzed with fixed parameters (autonomous model) and others in which the angular velocity of the bar decreases over time (non-autonomous model), allowing a comparison of the system's evolution under different conditions.

The results show that the angular velocity, size, and mass of the bar jointly influence the shape, stability, and openness of the galactic arms, as well as the location of the Lagrange points and the transit of matter between the bar and the disk. A slower rotating bar tends to form more tightly wound arms and less orderly trajectories, while higher speeds favor more open and stable structures. In non-autonomous models, it is observed that a gradual transition in angular velocity generates more realistic configurations. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the temporal evolution of galactic parameters to understand the internal dynamics and morphology of barred galaxies.

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