Projecte llegit

Títol: Requisits per a la germinació de l'ailant i altres males herbes estivals

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Estudiant que ha llegit aquest projecte:

SERRA BORRELL, NÚRIA (data lectura: 30-10-2024)

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Tutor/a o Cotutor/a: IZQUIERDO FIGAROLA, JORDI

Departament: DEAB

Títol: Requisits per a la germinació de l'ailant i altres males herbes estivals

Data inici oferta: 05-03-2024      Data finalització oferta: 05-11-2024

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Estudis d'assignació del projecte:

GR PAISATGISME
GR ENG CIEN AGRONOM

Lloc de realització:
EEABB

Paraules clau:
Llavor, graus-dia, graus hidrotèrmics, graus tèrmics, germinació, planta invasora, brotació, temperatura base

Descripció del contingut i pla d'activitats:
L'ailant é sun arbre originari de la Xina que es comporta com a
invasor a Europa. Es desenvolupa en llocs alterats per l'home com
vores de xarxes de comunicació (carreteres, vies de tren, etc),
runes i àrees degradades. Es reprodueix per llavor i brotació
dels rizomes, el que el fa molt difícil d'eradicar en aquelles
àrees on ja s'ha establert. amb la finalitat de conèixer els seus
requeriments ambientals per tal de dirigir millor la lluita
contra ell, s'han dissenyat un seguit d'experiments a diversa
temperatura i humitat per a les llavors i rizomes. els
experiments es farien a la Facultat de Biologia de Barcelona
situada al final de la Diagonal

Overview (resum en anglès): Weed seed germination is a critical process that significantly affects crop competition, affecting the productivity and sustainability of agricultural systems. The main objective of this work has been to identify and quantify temperature and water potential conditions, the key parameters affecting germination of invasive species such as Ailanthus altissima and weeds such as Sorghum halepense, Echinochloa crudos-galli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, Chenopodium album and Digitaria sanguinalis, to subsequently share the data for a weed emergence model and provide a tool available to the user, the farmer in this case, to improve the effectiveness of weed control systems.
The research was carried out through a series of controlled experiments in the laboratory. Seeds of the species under study were placed in Petri dishes with moistened filter paper and were subjected to different temperatures at 10°C, 14°C, 17°C, 17°C, 22°C, 25°C and 28°C in a germination chamber. The process was monitored daily to determine the base germination temperature for each species. Subsequently, the process was repeated maintaining only one temperature, the base temperature obtained, adjusting the humidity conditions with different osmotic potentials at 0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4 and -0.6 to evaluate the effect of water potential on germination.
An increase in germination was observed for most of the species studied as the temperature approached 28 °C, which is considered the optimum germination temperature. Some species showed low germination values, meaning that they were dormant, which is why the temperature experiments had to be repeated. Water potential has a considerable impact on germination, with optimum water potential values close to 0 MPa for most species. After obtaining these data, the base germination temperature was calculated, with 4.4 °C and 5.33 °C being the lowest base temperatures; and 13.87 °C and 12.63 °C being the highest. The base water potential of the seeds was found to be close to -0.6 MPa, although some species gave errors, and the experiment would have to be repeated.

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