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Projecte llegit

Títol: Efecto de la presencia de bolsas biodegradables sobre la digestión anaerobia

Estudiant que ha llegit aquest projecte:

Tutor/a o Cotutor/a: RAMOS QUIROZ, CARLOS ANTONIO

Departament: DEAB

Títol: Efecto de la presencia de bolsas biodegradables sobre la digestión anaerobia

Data inici oferta: 02-09-2024      Data finalització oferta: 02-04-2025

Estudis d'assignació del projecte:
    GR ENG SIS BIOLÒG 23

Lloc de realització:
EEABB

Paraules clau:
Digestión anaerobia, valorización de residuos, bolsas biodegradables

Descripció del contingut i pla d'activitats:
La sociedad moderna ha utilizado los beneficios de los compuestos poliméricos sintéticos para el desarrollo de la sociedad y económico, entre los cuales destacan los plásticos de un solo uno. Sin embargo, actualmente existe una elevada contaminación asociado a dichos plásticos. Con el fin de disminuir la contaminación asociada, se han desarrollado bolsas biodegradables, las cuales permiten disminuir el impacto medioambiental, ya que pueden ser degradadas biológicamente bajo condiciones de compostaje. No obstante, estas bolsas biodegradables entrarían a un sistema de digestión anaerobia, antes de ser tratadas por un sistema de compostaje (como ocurre en los EcoParcs en Cataluña).
Con la finalidad de entender la influencia de estas bolsas biodegradables sobre un proceso de digestión anaerobia, se propone un estudio a escala laboratorio. A lo largo del TFG se evaluará el efecto de la cantidad de bolsas y de cosustratos orgánicos (glucosa / celulosa) sobre el proceso de digestión anaerobia. Se utiliza un sistema a escala laboratorio para realizar los experimentos en condiciones controladas (temperatura, pH, etc.), donde se realizará un seguimiento de la producción de biogás/metano.

Overview (resum en anglès): The accumulation of non-biodegradable plastics in the environment generates severe ecological impacts, particularly in underdeveloped countries, where these materials are incorporated into food chains and obstruct biological structures such as xylem, veins, or larynxes of living organisms. The packaging industry constitutes one of the main sources of this contamination. To counteract this problem, the use of biodegradable plastics (bioplastics) in industrial packaging is progressively increasing. However, many of these bioplastics end up mixed with the organic fraction of municipal waste (FORM) in households. In Catalonia, integrated waste treatment plants, called Ecoparcs, use anaerobic digestion (AD) as a technology to transform FORM into biogas. This biogas is subsequently used to produce heat and electricity, thus allowing the revalorization of waste. The present study investigates the impact of commercial biodegradable bags on mesophilic anaerobic digestion through Biomethane Potential (BMP) assays. These assays were designed to quantify biogas production per gram of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) added. A synthetic culture medium described in the literature was selected, ensuring the presence of all essential macro and micronutrients for the optimal performance of AD. The anaerobic sludge used was characterized, recording a concentration of 14 g/l of volatile solids (VS). Likewise, the COD values of the analyzed substrates were determined: glucose (1.066 g O¿/g TS), cellulose (1.18 g O¿/g TS), and commercial biodegradable bag (1.5 g O¿/g TS). The anaerobic degradation of the bags was evaluated both individually and in combination with glucose and cellulose as co-substrates. To model the kinetics of biogas production, the modified Gompertz model was applied. The results reveal that biodegradable bags exhibit limited biodegradability in AD, achieving a biogas generation yield of only 3.7%. Furthermore, their inclusion in mixtures with co-substrates reduces biogas production. Although the modified Gompertz model obtained R² values greater than 0.93, it did not accurately describe the behavior of AD under the established experimental conditions. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that biodegradable bags are not biodegradable under anaerobic conditions. Additionally, the modified Gompertz model does not correctly fit the established conditions.

Aquest projecte està relacionat amb l'adaptació al Canvi Climatic? Sí

Aquest projecte està relacionat amb la digitalització del seu àmbit de treball? No

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