CBL - Campus del Baix Llobregat

Projecte llegit

Títol: Disseny i avaluació de marcadors associats a la forma de la poma per al seu ús als programes de millora genètica

Estudiant que ha llegit aquest projecte:

Tutor/a o Cotutor/a: ROIG VILLANOVA, IRMA

Departament: DEAB

Títol: Disseny i avaluació de marcadors associats a la forma de la poma per al seu ús als programes de millora genètica

Data inici oferta: 15-12-2024      Data finalització oferta: 15-07-2025

Estudis d'assignació del projecte:
    GR ENG SIS BIOLÒG 23

Lloc de realització:


En empresa (cal signar un conveni de cooperació)

        Tutor/a Extern: Maria José Aranzana
        Institució/Empresa: Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica

Segon tutor/a extern: Pol Rey Serra

Paraules clau:
Forma del fruit, fenotipat, marcadors, diversitat genètica, PCR, extracció ADN, genotipat, PACE

Descripció del contingut i pla d'activitats:
El grup d'acollida ha identificat diversos gens candidats per determinar la forma de la poma. El projecte de TFG se centrarà en la validació d'alguns d'aquests gens mitjançant l'ús de marcadors moleculars aplicats a una població desenvolupada per la UdL. A continuació, es realitzaran anàlisis comparatives de seqüències per identificar nous polimorfismes, els quals seran validats mitjançant anàlisis d'expressió gènica

Overview (resum en anglès): The apple tree (Malus x domestica) is a diploid species with 17 chromosomes. The apple tree genome is characterized by a high level of heterozygosity and variability between cultivars. Part of this variability in DNA affects some genes that regulate characters of interest such as the shape of the fruit. Variability in DNA, called polymorphism, can be analyzed using molecular markers.
Molecular markers are fragments of polymorphic DNA sequence. They can be used to identify individuals, and serve as reference points to determine, through statistical analysis, regions of the genome that are related to characteristics of interest. In the latter case, it is necessary to study relatively large populations with molecular markers, showing genetic and phenotypic variability.
The main objective of this bachelor's degree final project is the study of genetic variants around the genes that determine the shape of the fruit, and the design of molecular markers for use in the apple tree breeding programmes. To carry out the different genetic studies, the molecular markers used have been single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which consist of changes of a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence. The SNPs used (17 in total) have been designed in genetic regions where previously genes that can determine the shape of the apple have been identified. These SNPs have been genotyped in two populations (646 individuals in total) phenotyped by the shape of the fruit, one with varieties originating from several European countries, and the other with traditional or old varieties from Spain. Both germplasm collections are established in Gimenells (Lleida). At the beginning of the project, the DNA of the individuals had already been extracted.
Statistical analyses have identified several SNPs associated with fruit shape variability, some with great potential for application in genetic improvement programs, such as marker-assisted selection (SAM). This selection has an important socio-economic impact, reducing resources such as water and fertilizer, since it allows predicting, from the DNA in seedling state, what will be the fruit in the adult tree. The availability of new molecular markers not only support researchers and plant breeders, but also producers and consumers, who benefit from new varieties adapted to their preferences in a shorter time.

Aquest projecte està relacionat amb l'adaptació al Canvi Climatic? Sí

Aquest projecte està relacionat amb la digitalització del seu àmbit de treball? No

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